Carbon deposition onto the surface of solid catalysts is commonly observed in hydrocarbon processing. Carbon deposits can affect both the activity of catalysts as well as the flow of gas through a catalyst bed. This example...
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) allows a thin film to be grown on a substrate through molecules and molecular fragments adsorbing and reacting on a surface. This example illustrates the modeling of such a CVD reactor where...
Feeding a waveguide from a coaxial cable is a straightforward way to achieve electromagnetic waves inside a waveguide. Due to its small size and circular shape, the cable contributes significantly to the overall size of the problem. It is...
This example illustrates multiphase flow modeling in a bubble column reactor. The reactor is filled with water and gas bubbles are injected from the bottom. Due to buoyancy, the bubbles rise, inducing a circulating motion of the liquid....
Water flow in a 90 degree pipe elbow. The flow is simulated using the k-omega turbulence model. The result is compared to engineering correlations.
This is a tutorial model of the coupling between flow of a fluid in an open channel and a porous block attached to one of the channel walls. The flow is described by the Navier-Stokes equation in the free region and a...
Ponds and lakes can serve as thermal reservoirs in geothermal heating applications. In this example, fluid circulates underwater through polyethylene piping in a closed system. The pipes are coiled in a slinky shape and grouped onto...
Lasers are commonly used to achieve precision heating or welding. The beam often moves over the surface of the substrate. One difficulty with modeling a laser heat source is the fact that the beam is very narrow (nm-mm). Another is...
Fluid acoustics coupled to structural objects, such as membranes or plates, represents an important application area in many engineering fields. Some examples are: • Loudspeakers • Acoustic sensors • Nondestructive impedance...
In the simplest terms, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a separation technology - a process used to separate different chemical species that are in a mixture. And while HPLC is one of many separation technologies...
