All integrated circuits—especially high-speed devices—produce heat. In today’s dense electronic system layouts heat sources are many times placed close to heat-sensitive ICs. Designers of printed-circuit boards often need to...
It is possible to generate harmonics that are multiples of the frequency of laser light by using nonlinear optical materials. This model demonstrates second harmonic generation using transient wave simulation and nonlinear material...
A Gaussian beam is launched into BK-7 optical glass. The material has an intensity-dependent refractive index. At the center of the beam, the refractive index is the largest. The induced refractive index profile counteracts diffraction...
Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are commonly used in oil refineries and other large chemical processes. In this model, two separated fluids at different temperatures flow through the heat exchanger, one through the tubes (tube side) and...
The drive for miniaturizing electronic devices has resulted in today’s extensive use of surface-mount electronic components. An important aspect in electronics design and the choice of materials is a product’s durability and lifetime....
The backward facing step is an interesting case for studying the performance and solution strategy of a turbulence model. In this case, the flow is subjected to a sudden increase of cross-sectional area, resulting in a separation of flow...
A classical flow pattern is the von Kármán vortex street that can form as fluid flows past an object. These vortices may induce vibrations in the object. This problem involves a fluid-structure interaction where the large deformation...
Scientists use the SAR (specific absorption rate) to determine the amount of radiation that human tissue absorbs. This measurement is especially important for mobile telephones, which radiate close to the brain. The model studies how a...
In this model, a point source generates a pressure wave in the Sound Brick, a testbench car interior. The sound level is measured at another point and at a range of frequencies high enough that a good mesh resolution is required to...
Carbon deposition onto the surface of solid catalysts is commonly observed in hydrocarbon processing. Carbon deposits can affect both the activity of catalysts as well as the flow of gas through a catalyst bed. This example...
