Not observe Tree-like structure in 2D heat topology optimization

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Hi,

A 2D model was built with two domains, TO rectangle (top) and NON-TO rectangle (bottom) A heat source was in small line at the bottom center line Left, right, top lines were applied convection

The reduced-order material conductivity was applied to TO domain, k_air+dtopo1.theta^3*(k_solid-k_air) (psimp=3)

Topology optimization was used with Helmholtz filter, Hyperbolic Tangent Projection, SIMP Material Model with The thermal conductivity and MMA.

Objective: T_avg in TO domain minimize

Expected result is Tree-like structure, but non-continuous material domain

  1. Why after optimized, non- continuous material appears? How to fix it?

  2. How to observe "Tree-like structure" ?

Best,



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