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Why Use Composite Materials for Wind Turbine Blades?
When wind spins the propeller-like blades of a wind turbine around the rotor (which is connected to the main shaft), the rotor in turn spins a generator to create electricity. To help convert kinetic wind energy into electrical energy, wind turbine blades have to withstand wind, gravitational, and centrifugal loads. The number of blades can vary (though three is typical), depending on whether the turbine is a more traditional horizontal-axis wind turbine or a vertical-axis wind turbine.
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/analyzing-wind-turbine-blades-with-the-composite ...
Modern wind turbine blades consist of composite airfoil shaped structures that form a hollow acoustic cavity. Acoustic sources (speakers and wind flow) excite this dynamic cavity structure.
The blade damage will manifest itself in changes to the acoustic cavity frequency response functions and to the blade acoustic transmission loss.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/26192
Following up on my previous blog post about protecting wind turbines from lightning strikes, I got to thinking about other modeling aspects of wind turbines. This investigates the counteracting effects of stress-stiffening and spin-softening that arises in these turbine blades. They are brought about by the forces that the turbine itself contributes, namely centrifugal forces.
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/lots-of-things-to-model-in-a-wind-turbine
Polytech A/S COMSOL Partners and Certified Consultants Certified Consultants Polytech A/S Address & Contact Information Polytech A/S Industrivej 75 6740 Bramming Denmark Phone: +45 75101026 Email: info@polytech.com Website: www.polytech.com Polytech A/S is a Danish subsupplier to the wind industry, providing lightning protection solutions and other add-ons to wind turbines and wind turbine blades.
Certified Consultants -
www.comsol.com/certified-consultants/polytech-as
Watch this archived webinar to see how to model layered composite structures, which are widely used in the manufacturing of aircraft and spacecraft components, wind turbine blades, and other structures.
Video Gallery -
www.comsol.com/video/composite-materials-modeling-in-comsol-multiphysics
The Electrostatics physics interface (available in the AC/DC Module of the COMSOL Multiphysics® simulation software) is used to calculate the electric field distribution at the tip of the wind turbine blades, which is input into the upward leader inception model developed by Becerra & Corray, in order to determine which wind turbines in a wind farm are most exposed to upward lightning during cold season thunderstorms.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/81471
Scottish innovator James Blyth is largely credited with this invention. Supposedly, Blyth used a wind turbine to generate electricity for his cottage. To help with the growing demand, engineers must ensure that wind turbine designs are highly efficient. In future studies, they are considering using a 2D and 3D multiblade model, studying a nonsymmetric airfoil, and more.
Learn More About Wind Turbines
Read the full paper: "Efficiency of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) with Airfoil Pitch Control"
Browse the COMSOL Blog for more research on wind turbines:
Seas of Change for Wind Turbines
Wind Turbines in Urban Settings a Reasonable Idea
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/improving-vertical-axis-wind-turbine-efficiency-with ...
Electromagnetic induction analysis, such as in lightning attachments of airplanes, and the layout analysis of lightning receptors of wind turbine blades Electromagnetic shielding analysis, such as the shielding analysis of aircraft metal skin, metal mesh, and carbon fiber composite materials Aperture and slot coupling analysis, including the influence of different apertures and slots on electromagnetic radiation in the time domain and the frequency domain Voltage breakdown and discharge analysis, such as voltage breakdown and discharge caused by lightning and static electricity Induction heating and microwave heating analysis, such as the analysis of heating uniformity when a resin is cured by microwave heating Static electricity distribution analysis, such as the simulation analysis of the deposition static electricity distribution of an aircraft Other Simulation Consulting Areas: Professional field simulation app customized development Electromagnetic problem simulation process consulting Simulation platform planning and construction consulting Electromagnetic product optimization design consulting
Certified Consultants -
www.comsol.com/certified-consultants/shanghai-multiangle-virtual ...
When designing lightning protection for wind turbine blades, manufacturers know that simple assumptions won't do. For instance, the conductivity of carbon (the material wind turbine blades are made of) varies in different directions, and this behavior needs to be accurately represented in the models for the protection to be designed properly.
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/10-real-uses-of-comsol-multiphysics-in-the-power ...
Wind turbine noise is a (hotly disputed) topic that we've mentioned on the blog before. Modeling the Noise Produced by Offshore Wind
Vibrations produced by offshore turbines travel from the tower into the turbine foundation and are released as noise into the surrounding marine environment.
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/seas-change-wind-turbines
Rotor blades for wind turbines are made of GFRP material. They have to be designed to withstand wind and weather over their approximately 20 years of lifetime. The ability to monitor the mechanical stress is crucial in order to reduce maintenance costs and to maximize operational availability.
This paper presents the combination of SPICE® and COMSOL Multiphysics®, in order to reduce computation time.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/14967
Here’s a story we’ve all heard before: due to the inefficient nature and inevitable decline of fossil fuels, alternative energy resources are becoming increasingly popular. Wind energy is a popular source of alternative energy, with wind farms sprouting up all over the world. In fact, some extreme wind turbine sites experience 10 lightning strikes a day!
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/lightning-proof-wind-turbines
The wind turbine itself was created by a combination of regular blocks, cylinders, and a vertical extruded sketch for the shape of the blades. Wind velocity surface of the turbine area. Air flow induced from West 15m/s.
Wind speed is shown in color, the yellow boundary is below the blades indicating
that, at turbine blade height, the wind flow is not affected by the buildings.
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/wind-turbines-in-urban-settings-a-reasonable-idea
Several layered material nodes are available:
Single Layer Material
Layered Material Link
Layered Material Stack
Layered Material
Read the blog post on analyzing wind turbine blades to see how these nodes can be combined to model a wind turbine composite blade.
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/modeling-heat-transfer-in-thin-layers-via-layered ...
Rotating machinery is an important element in many structures, from wind turbines to engines. The analysis of this rotating machinery — a field known as rotordynamics — is key in reducing noise and vibrations in many areas of technology. A Brief Introduction to Rotordynamics
Consider a jet engine in a plane flying overhead or a wind turbine with blades turning in the wind.
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/rotordynamics-fosters-the-design-of-reliable ...
Layered composite materials, such as fiber-reinforced polymers, laminated plates, and sandwich panels, are widely used in manufacturing aircraft components, spacecraft components, wind turbine blades, automobile components, buildings, boat hulls, bicycles, and safety equipment.
Products -
www.comsol.com/composite-materials-module
Random vibration analysis allows for inputs based on power spectral density (PSD) as a function of frequency, including uncorrelated as well as fully correlated loads. A typical example is the wind load on a tower. Response spectrum analysis is used as an efficient method for determining structural response to short nondeterministic events like earthquakes and shocks.
Products -
www.comsol.com/structural-mechanics-module
The CWRU Turbine is a research turbine located in a urban campus in Cleveland, Ohio. This location may create turbulence, resulting in a possible loss in energy generation. This research attempts to answers the question of whether the wind flow is affected by the buildings or not.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/13678
This paper presents a study of a wind
turbine subjected to wind and seismic loading,
carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics. The
dynamic properties and response of wind turbine
structures are of interest, as recent developments
in wind energy have led to the design and
construction of increasingly large and flexible
turbine structures. A typical turbine structure
model was created in COMSOL and transient
simulations were carried out under wind and
earthquake excitations.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/9089
The vertical axis wind turbine design depicted in (Fig.1) is widely considered a wind turbine of a wind power generation system because it can be easily miniaturized, it generates low noise, and it rotates regardless of wind direction. The vertical axis wind turbine has, however, low rotation performance when compared with that of a horizontal axis wind turbine. Therefore, we need to improve the rotation performance of the vertical axis wind turbine. This study proposes a new blade shape of a vertical axis wind turbine effective for a wide range of wind speed.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/15791