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These features are added to the Model Builder as subnodes to the heterojunction or the Schottky contact boundary conditions. The Graded Heterojunction Model
This heterojunction tunneling model compares the simulated current density of a graded heterojunction with and without tunneling at different temperatures.
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/simulating-the-tunneling-current-across-a-graded ...
Heterojunction Tunneling. The density-gradient formulation extends the quasi-Fermi level formulation and provides a computationally efficient method to include the effect of quantum confinement by implementing the effective mass approximation in the conventional drift–diffusion equations.
Learning Center -
www.comsol.com/support/learning-center/article/improving-convergence-of ...
This benchmark model simulates three different heterojunction configurations under forward and reverse bias. It shows the difference in using the continuous quasi-Fermi level formulation versus the thermionic emission formulation for the charge transfer across the heterojunction. The simulated energy levels are compared between each configuration in order to illustrate the origin of the charge transfer, that is, whether it is primarily from holes in the valence band or from electrons in the conduction band.
Application Gallery -
www.comsol.com/model/14617
In this project, we developed a 3D optoelectronic model for organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells. We validated our COMSOL Multiphysics® model with experimental data and used our simulation to predict the optical and electrical characteristics of a 3D plasmonic OPV device. This work has the potential to open up possibilities for future designs and simulations of nanostructure-enhanced organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/16999
Initial tests are done by modeling the heating process on a previously-solved silicon p-n junction as a proof of concept before advancing to a more complicated geometry. Strategies for mapping heterojunction material properties are discussed and estimates for carrier concentrations and current in place of a full carrier model solution are explored.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/13085
This benchmark model simulates a graded heterojunction using the thermionic emission formulation for the charge transfer over the junction.
Application Gallery -
www.comsol.com/model/65761
The former can be easily extended to the DG formulation: Just let the quasi-Fermi level and the Slotboom variable be continuous across the heterojunction, which is automatic for Lagrange shape functions. The latter option assumes the thermionic emission process dominates and allows the quasi-Fermi level and the Slotboom variable to be discontinuous across the heterojunction. The same formula as the drift-diffusion theory is used for the thermionic current density, yielding similar results.
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/intro-to-density-gradient-theory-for-semiconductor ...
COMSOL Multiphysics® 6.0 Release Highlights Download Version 6.0 View All Semiconductor Module Updates For users of the Semiconductor Module, COMSOL Multiphysics® version 6.0 includes functionality for transition between discrete trap energy levels, the ability to add contact resistance to metal contacts, and new heterojunction heat source functionality for thermal modeling.
Products -
www.comsol.com/release/6.0/semiconductor-module
Secondly then we fabricated a ZnO/Silicon nanowires (ZnO/Si NWs) based p-n heterojunction diode which detect Nitric Oxide (NO) gas at least down to 0.5ppm (with dry N2 as the ambience gas). We make a physical model based on p-n heterojunction with analysis of cross-sectional electron microscopy and line energy dispersive spectroscopy.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/83541
heterojunction models in the software, highlighting the differences. You will see the complete process for modeling semiconductor-semiconductor contacts and see some alternate methods to achieve the same results. We will observe the behavior of the p-n junction under a reverse, equilibrium, and
Learning Center -
www.comsol.com/support/learning-center/article/modeling-semiconductor ...
The quantum confinement effect for the quantum well layer is automatically accounted for with the default Continuous quasi-Fermi levels option for the Continuity/Heterojunction boundary condition, active at the well-barrier interfaces.
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/three-semiconductor-device-models-using-the-density ...
In this research work, we developed a virtual model to examine the electrical conductivity of multilayered thin films when positioned above a single layer and multilayers of graphene, and flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Additional structured thin films were configure as follows: organic layers of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole conducting layer, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), as p-type, phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as n-type, with aluminum (Al) added as a top conductor. COMSOL Multiphysics® was the primary simulation tool used to develop the virtual model, and analyze variations in electric potential and conductivity throughout the thin-film structural system.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/93571
This model simulates a GaN based light emitting diode. The emission intensity, spectrum, and quantum efficiency are calculated as a function of the driving current. Direct radiative recombination across the band gap is modeled, as well as non-radiative Auger and trap-assisted recombination processes. This results in a sub-linear increase in emission intensity with increasing current, which is a common characteristic of LED devices known as LED droop.
Application Gallery -
www.comsol.com/model/20299
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) architecture show significant potential for overcoming the limitations of silicon photovoltaic systems in wireless applications.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/144872
The authors of the paper use COMSOL Multiphysics to show that the local thermal management of a AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistor (HFET) can be substantially improved via introduction of the additional heat-escaping channels -- top-surface heat spreaders -- made of few-layer graphene (FLG).
COMSOL Blog -
www.comsol.com/blogs/the-graphene-revolution-part-2
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising photovoltaic technology but their performance remains limited by incomplete absorption of incident photons, primarily due to reflection at the transparent front electrode [1]. To address this issue, interface engineering with graphene-based nanomaterials is explored as a route to improve light harvesting. While graphene has emerged as a promising transparent electrode due to its exceptional electrical and optical properties, its real-world performance is often affected by structural and chemical imperfections introduced during synthesis, growth/deposition, and transfer phase.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/146761
Non-charge-based logic is the notion that an electron can be trapped and its spin manipulated through application of gate voltages. Numerical simulations of Spin Single Electron Transistors (SSET) at University at Albany, aimed at practical development of post-CMOS concepts and devices is presented.
We use COMSOL based multiphysics finite element simulation strategy to solve the Schrödinger-Poisson equations self-consistently to obtain realistic confining and gating potentials for realistic device geometries.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/4902
Solar energy is the cleanest form of renewable energy. The most popular form of utilization of solar energy is through the use of photovoltaic cells. Currently the efficiency of available solar cells lies below 20%. To increase the efficiency, multi-junction can be used in solar cells. While developing such devices we need platform to study various characteristics and parameters to optimize device performance.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/19367
Many optoelectronic devices utilize a heterojunction of a pair semiconducting materials including high-efficiency MEMS devices, solar cells, LEDs, and VCSELs.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/11604
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell uses solar energy to split water to hydrogen and oxygen in single integrated device. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a suitable tool to characterize recombination and reaction mechanisms in PEC cell.
Full numerical drift-diffusion calculations of the electrochemical impedance were conducted.
Technical Papers and Presentations -
www.comsol.com/paper/37021
