Multibody Dynamics Module
Multibody Dynamics Module
Analyze Rigid- and Flexible-Body Assemblies with the Multibody Dynamics Module
Analysis of the swashplate mechanism to control orientation of helicopter rotor blades. Transient simulation with both rigid and flexible blade designs provides insight into useful performance metrics such as blade deformation and lift force.
Tools for Designing and Optimizing Multibody Systems
The Multibody Dynamics Module is an expansion of the Structural Mechanics Module that provides an advanced set of tools for designing and optimizing multibody structural mechanics systems using finite element analysis (FEA). The module enables you to simulate mixed systems of flexible and rigid bodies, where each body may be subjected to large rotational or translational displacements. Such analyses help identify critical points in your multibody systems, thus enabling you to perform more detailed component-level structural analyses. The Multibody Dynamics Module also gives you the freedom to analyze forces experienced by segments of the structure, and stresses generated in flexible components that may lead to failure due to large deformation or fatigue.
Utilize a Library of Joints
A library of predefined joints is included in the module so that you can easily and robustly specify the relationships between different components of a multibody system, where the components are interconnected such that only a certain type of motion is allowed between them. Joints connect two components through attachments, where one component moves independently in space while the other is constrained to follow a particular motion, depending on the joint type. The joint types in the Multibody Dynamics Module are generic to the extent that they can model any type of connection. Researchers and engineers can thereby design accurate multibody structural mechanics models, using the following joint types:
- Prismatic (3D, 2D)
- Hinge (3D, 2D)
- Cylindrical (3D)
- Screw (3D)
- Planar (3D)
- Ball (3D)
- Slot (3D)
- Reduced Slot (3D, 2D)
- Fixed Joint (2D,3D)
- Distance Joint (2D,3D)
- Universal Joint (3D)
Additional Images:
Orientation of movement for the prismatic, hinge, cylindrical, and screw joints.
Orientation of movement for the planar, ball, slot, and reduced slot joints.
The stresses in the gearbox housing and the sound pressure level in the surrounding air (top and bottom-right) of a 5-speed synchromesh gearbox inside a manual transmission vehicle. The frequency spectrum of the normal acceleration at one of the points on the gearbox is also shown (bottom-left).
A swashplate mechanism is used to control the orientation of helicopter rotor blades. This example shows an application derived from the model where only the pitch of the blades can be changed, but where both transient and eigenfrequency analyses can be presented.
Model of a three-cylinder reciprocating engine, having both rigid and flexible parts, is used for maximizing the engine power and the design of structural components.
Plot of stresses in an induction motor's housing (top) and the magnetic flux density in the rotor (bottom-left). The rotor orbit at two bearing locations is also shown (bottom-right).
Complete Flexibility in Analyzing Multibodies
Components of a system that undergo deformations can be modeled as flexible, while other components, or even parts of these components, can be specified as rigid. You can also provide your multibody dynamics design and analyses with nonlinear material properties by combining models in the Multibody Dynamics Module with either the Nonlinear Structural Materials Module or the Geomechanics Module. At the same time, the rest of the physics that you can model with COMSOL Multiphysics and the suite of application-specific modules, can be coupled to the physics described by the Multibody Dynamics Module, such as the effects of heat transfer or electrical phenomena.
Transient, frequency-domain, eigenfrequency, and stationary multibody dynamics analyses can be performed. Joints can be assigned linear/torsional springs with damping properties, applied forces and moments, and prescribed motion as a function of time. Analysis and postprocessing capabilities include:
- Relative displacement/rotation between two components and their velocities
- Reaction forces and moments at a joint
- Local and global coordinate system frames of reference
- Stresses and deformations in flexible bodies
- Fatigue analysis of critical flexible bodies by combining with the Fatigue Module
Often, motion between two components is restricted due to the presence or functions of other physical objects. Limiting and conditionally locking the relative motion can be specified for the joints in order to fully define and model these complex systems. In robotics, for example, the relative motion between two arms can be defined as a pre-defined function of time. Joints can also be spring-loaded and appropriate damping factors can be included in the Multibody Dynamics Module.
Multibody Dynamics Module
Product Features
- Joints can be constrained to restrict the relative motion between the two connected components
- Joints can be locked to freeze the relative motion between the two connected components at the specified value
- Spring conditions can be applied on the relative motion at a joint, either at the equilibrium or with pre-deformation
- Lumped mechanical systems can be built, and can consist of masses, dampers, springs, and more
- Damping or dashpot conditions can be defined to specify losses on the relative motion at a joint
- Joints can be required to prescribe the relative motion between the connected components
- Frictional loss to a joint can be added for the joint types: Prismatic, Hinge, Cylindrical, Screw, Planar, and Ball.
- Cam-Follower condition
- Forces and moments can be applied to all types of joints at the attachments to the components
- Mechanisms can be initialized to translate and rotate rigidly with the given velocities about the specified center of rotation
- Part Library with parametric geometry parts for internal gears, external gears, and racks
Application Areas
- Aerospace
- Automotive
- Engine dynamics
- Mechatronics
- Robotics
- Biomechanics
- Biomedical instruments
- Vehicle dynamics
- General dynamic simulations of mechanical assemblies
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Modeling Vibration in an Induction Motor
In the Vibration in an Induction Motor tutorial model, eddy currents are induced in the rotor by time-harmonic currents in the stator windings and rotation of the rotor. Induced currents in the rotor interact with the magnetic field that is produced by the coils to generate the driving torque on the rotor. The air gap between the rotor and stator ...
Dynamics of Double Pendulum
This tutorial application demonstrates the modeling of a hinge joint between two bodies in COMSOL Multiphysics. Various nodes available for joints such as Constraints, Locking, Spring, Damper, Prescribed Motion, and Friction are also demonstrated. Many real structures can be approximated with the double pendulum model. Hence a double pendulum ...
Slider Crank Mechanism
This is a benchmark model to test the numerical algorithms in the area of multibody dynamics. This model simulates the dynamic behavior of the slider crank mechanism. This mechanism goes through singular positions during its operation. The acceleration at a point is compared with the results from the reference.
Shift into gear
This model demonstrates the ability to simulate Multibody Dynamics in COMSOL. It comprises a multilink mechanism that is used in an antique automobile as a gearshift lever. It was created out of curiosity to find out how large forces are on the individual components. The model uses flexible parts, i.e. the Structural Mechanics Module was used ...
Differential Gear Mechanism
This model simulates the mechanism of a differential gear used in cars and other wheeled vehicles. A differential allows the outer drive wheel to rotate faster than the inner drive wheel during a turn. This is necessary when a vehicle turns in order to allow the wheel that is traveling along the outside of the turning curve to roll faster and to ...
Dynamics of Helical Gears
This model illustrates the dynamics of helical gears. It is built using the gears functionality in the Multibody Dynamics interface in COMSOL Multiphysics. A transient study is performed to analyze the effect of constant gear mesh stiffness, varying gear mesh stiffness, and the transmission error on the angular velocity of driven gear and the ...
Hinge Joint Assembly
This example illustrates how to model a barrel hinge connecting two solid objects in an assembly. In this model, the details of the connection are not the focus of the analysis, therefore, the hinge joint is modeled using a Joint feature in the Multibody Dynamics Module. The connected parts can be either rigid or flexible or a combination as ...
Forces and Moments on Bevel Gears
This tutorial model simulates a pair of straight conical bevel gears. The gears are modeled as rigid, but one of the gears is fixed while the other is hinged on a rigid bar. The rigid bar is also hinged at a point lying on the axis of the fixed gear. A transient analysis is performed to compute the forces and moments at the center of the fixed ...
Truck Mounted Crane Analyzer
Many trucks are equipped with cranes for handling loads. Such cranes have a number of hydraulic cylinders that control the motion of the crane. These cylinders and other components that make up the crane are subjected to large forces when handling heavy loads. In order to determine the load-carrying capacity of the crane, these forces must be ...
Vibrations in a Compound Gear Train
This model simulates vibrations in a compound gear train. Spur gears, used to model the gear train, are mounted on rigid shafts. The shafts are supported by an elastic housing at both ends. The gear mesh is assumed to be elastic with varying stiffness, which is the source of vibration. A transient analysis is performed to compute the dynamics of ...
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